翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Distichia ・ Distichia (genus) ・ Distichirhops ・ Distichlis ・ Distichlis bajaensis ・ Distichlis distichophylla ・ Distichlis palmeri ・ Distichlis spicata ・ Distichoceras ・ Distichochlamys ・ Distichodontidae ・ Distichodus ・ Distance geometry problem ・ Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant and Loan Program ・ Distance line ・ Distance matrices in phylogeny ・ Distance matrix ・ Distance measures (cosmology) ・ Distance measuring equipment ・ Distance medley relay ・ Distance model ・ Distance modulus ・ Distance of closest approach of ellipses and ellipsoids ・ Distance Only Makes the Heart Grow Fonder ・ Distance oracle ・ Distance sampling ・ Distance stars ・ Distance State University ・ Distance transform ・ Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Distance matrices in phylogeny ： ウィキペディア英語版 Distance matrices in phylogeny Distance matrices are used in phylogeny as non-parametric distance methods and were originally applied to phenetic data using a matrix of pairwise distances. These distances are then reconciled to produce a tree (a phylogram, with informative branch lengths). The distance matrix can come from a number of different sources, including measured distance (for example from immunological studies) or morphometric analysis, various pairwise distance formulae (such as euclidean distance) applied to discrete morphological characters, or genetic distance from sequence, restriction fragment, or allozyme data. For phylogenetic character data, raw distance values can be calculated by simply counting the number of pairwise differences in character states (Hamming distance). ==Distance-matrix methods== Distance-matrix methods of phylogenetic analysis explicitly rely on a measure of "genetic distance" between the sequences being classified, and therefore they require an MSA (multiple sequence alignment) as an input. Distance is often defined as the fraction of mismatches at aligned positions, with gaps either ignored or counted as mismatches.〔Mount DM. (2004). ''Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis'' 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.〕 Distance methods attempt to construct an all-to-all matrix from the sequence query set describing the distance between each sequence pair. From this is constructed a phylogenetic tree that places closely related sequences under the same interior node and whose branch lengths closely reproduce the observed distances between sequences. Distance-matrix methods may produce either rooted or unrooted trees, depending on the algorithm used to calculate them. They are frequently used as the basis for progressive and iterative types of multiple sequence alignment. The main disadvantage of distance-matrix methods is their inability to efficiently use information about local high-variation regions that appear across multiple subtrees.〔Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Distance matrices in phylogeny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.